Blog Post

Lymphoedema - What Can You Do?

  • By Elle Woodford
  • 07 May, 2019

From minor swelling that is barely noticeable to lymphoedema that is really getting you down, there are options to treat and manage to suit you.                                                                                                  3 min read

Lymphoedema is the build-up of fluid and swelling that is commonly seen in the upper limb post breast cancer, but can occur anywhere throughout the body from many different types of cancer. Imagine your circulatory system with blood vessels circulating all around your body – your lymphatic system is similar to this but transports fluid (lymph) from your body back to the bloodstream which helps maintain the volume and protein concentration of the extracellular fluid in the body and helps the immune system destroy pathogens and remove waste products from your tissues. 

If lymphatic vessels or nodes are removed or damaged as a result of your cancer treatments, there are less routes for this lymphatic fluid to get back to the bloodstream (ie the demand for lymphatic drainage exceeds the capacity of the lymphatic circulation) and this creates a backlog of fluid in the affected limb. Think of it like a traffic jam - not enough roads for the amount of cars trying to get in to the city!

Over 20% of breast, genitourinary, gynaecological and melanoma survivors experience lymphoedema. The earlier the signs of lymphoedema are picked up (such as swelling, aching, heaviness, stiffness, tightness, temperature changes or pain), the better the outcome of specific lymphoedema treatment will be. Your physiotherapist will assess and work with you to determine the best treatment for you and may include home exercises and stretches, massage, compression garments or bandaging, low level laser therapy, vibration therapy among others.

If you have any risk factors for developing lymphoedema (such as the extent of your surgery, lymph node dissection/removal, radiation treatment, trauma, infection, increased BMI and immobility), your physiotherapist can get you started on a program to improve your lymph flow and reduce the risk of lymphoedema developing.

Exercise is one of the best ways to get the lymph moving - including cardio exercise (such as swimming but even walking/running can help) as well as resistance exercise. Recent research has shown that it is not only SAFE to do resistance exercises with lymphoedema but it is actually more than recommended! Contracting the muscles in and around the affected area create a muscle pump action - the muscles squeezing help to pump the fluid back towards other lymph nodes. 

Going back to the traffic jam analogy, you and your physio will also need to work on clearing areas just further than the swelling seems to spread, to give the lymph fluid somewhere to go. You need to clear the traffic jam ahead so the cars currently stuck in it have somewhere to go! This means that if you are experiencing lymphoedema in the arm, you and your physio may need to massage and exercise past your armpit to your neck/collarbone, and if you are experiencing leg lymphoedema you may need to clear the hip and abdomen. 

So, get moving and perhaps get in touch with your physiotherapist to discuss what other treatments may be useful for you. 

By Elle Woodford 13 May, 2021

Receiving the news that you (or someone close to you) has advanced or palliative cancer:

A: Is devastating

B: Hard to comprehend

C: Earth shattering

D: Comes with a wide range of emotions and thoughts (for you and your family/friends)

E: All of the above + more

Let’s just acknowledge for a moment that no-one else can understand exactly what you are feeling in a time that words can often not do enough to describe, especially in the short term just after you have learnt of disease progression. Now tough question – what are the things you would like to be able to continue to be able to do, for as long as possible, and hopefully right through to the end? Could it perhaps be being able to spend time with family - children or grandchildren? Being able to walk around the lake or along the beach? To continue working full time or travel? Or perhaps to get out for coffee regularly with a close friend?

Is there anything you can do to help maintain your ability to do these things that mean the most to you to improve your quality of life?

The answer is YES – and one of those things is EXERCISE!

I’m sure that’s just what you thought you would love to do right now. So how can it help, and why should you spend any valuable time exercising?

Exercise rehabilitation has been shown to be effective in improving:

-        Strength

-        Physical and daily functioning

-        Social functioning

-        Independence

-        Emotional wellbeing

-        Quality of life

-        Reducing fatigue!

-        A sense of meaning

-        Positive involvement in your own health/reclaiming some control

A third of cancer patient’s reduction in physical functioning is due to physical inactivity – the less you do, the less you are capable of doing. Muscles can waste very quickly due to cancer and it really is much easier to maintain your strength and function that it is to try to regain it once lost so it is worth doing even before you notice any physical decline.

Exercise rehabilitation with your physiotherapist could involve tailored physical exercise (which could start from as little as 5 minutes per day) such as going for a walk, gentle Pilates based exercises, getting into the gym – whatever level you are at, there will be something you can do. It could even be down to things like working on your leg muscles to help you get out of a chair, balance exercises to help walking to the bathroom or kitchen, or even just prescribed range of motion exercises like lifting your arms or tensing your leg muscles if you are bedridden. 

If you have bone metastases, you may need to avoid high intensity aerobic and resistance training but exercise is still beneficial and there is still plenty of exercises your physio will be able to help you with, under the guidance of restrictions from your medical team. Resting only quickens your decline and reduces survival. 

Your physiotherapist could also help with relaxation strategies and breathlessness management. See our next blog on the importance of breathing for more info on this.

So, there are things you can do to improve your wellbeing and quality of life! Exercise is worth your valuable time and even though it may feel scary and risky exercising, inactivity and not moving much is a risk too and is more detrimental to you and your health! So get moving, and get your cancer physio on board to help you along in the process. 


By Elle Woodford 28 Mar, 2019
Fatigue is one of the most common side effects from cancer and cancer treatments. Here are some tips on ways to reduce your fatigue and get the most out of life
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